1) Correct option is b.
Article 39 in the Constitution Of India states that:
– The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing:
that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so
distributed as best to sub-serve the common good;
-that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and
means of production to the common detriment;
Article 39 (b) and (c) are the two most important directive principles that pledge to minimize the
concentration of wealth.
2) Using elimination method, option c and d are incorrect. Option a is incorrect as Right to Property is available to any persons and not just citizens.( Note the use of extreme word ‘only’ as well.) Therefore the correct option is b.
Article 300-A of the Constitution of India reads as under:-
“300A. Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.-No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.”
Thus, right to property is a constitutional right, though right to property is no longer a fundamental right and constitutional protection continues in as much as without authority of law, a person cannot be deprived of his property. Right to property is a human right as well as a constitutional right.
3) The correct answer is b.
The constitutional status of India on 26th January 1950 was that India was Sovereign Democratic Republic. The term ‘secular’ and ‘socialist’ was added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976.The 42nd Amendment changed the description of India from a “Sovereign Democratic Republic” to a “Sovereign, Socialist Secular Democratic Republic”.
4) The correct answer is d.
5) The correct answer is d.
The terms halbi, ho, kui are the tribal languages.
The speakers of Halbi language comes from Bastar district of Chattisgarh. The Halbi language is widely used as a trade language in central India, but Halbi culture has traditionally been oral, and has been written largely in the Devanagari script because Hindi is the official language of Chhattisgarh state.
Ho is a Munda language spoken mainly in the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhatisgarh, West Bengal and Assam, and also in Bangladesh. It is used as a medium of instruction in schools in Odisha and Jharkhand.
Kui is a language spoken by Kondh or Kondha. Majority of the Kui-speaking Kondhs live in the hilly and forested areas of South and central Odisha especially in the undivided districts of Kondhamal, Koraput and Kalahandi.
6) The correct answer is c.
statement a is correct while statement b is incorrect. therefore by eliminating statement b , we come to the conclusion that statement a and c are correct.
National Awards such as Bharat Ratna and the Padma Awards do not amount to Titles as it falls within the boundaries of Article 18 (1) of the Indian Constitution. Article 18 (1) of the Indian Constitution states that no titles shall be entertained by the state. The abolition of titles includes military as well as academic distinction.
11) The Right to the City is the right of all inhabitants, present and future, permanent and temporary, to inhabit, use, occupy, produce, govern and enjoy just, inclusive, safe and sustainable cities, villages and human settlements, defined as commons essential to a full and decent life.
Statement 1 is correct.
12) Statement 1 is incorrect whereas statement 2 is correct.
Police Custody means that police has the physical custody of the accused while Judicial Custody means an accused is in the
custody of the concerned Magistrate. In former, the accused is lodged in police station lockup while in latter, it is the jail. Thus, in judicial custody, the accused in not locked up in police station but in jail. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.
In police custody, the investigating authority can interrogate a person while in judicial custody, officials need permission of the court for questioning. Hence to interrogate the police officer in charge of the case requires permission of the Court to interrogate. Therefore Statement 2 is correct.
13)
14) Correct answer is d.
The Schedule Tribes and Other Forest Dwellers Act or Recognition of Forest Rights Act came into force in 2006. The Nodal Ministry for the Act is Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
- It has been enacted to recognize and vest the forest rights and
- occupation of forest land in forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers, who have been residing in such forests for generations, but whose rights could not be recorded.
- This Act not only recognizes the rights to hold and live in the forest land under the individual or common occupation for habitation or for self-cultivation for livelihood, but also grants several other rights to ensure their control over forest resources.
- The Act also provides for diversion of forest land for public utility facilities managed by the Government, such as schools, dispensaries, fair price shops, electricity and telecommunication lines, water tanks, etc. with the recommendation of Gram Sabhas.
Ans 15) The correct answer is a.
Article 14 ensures that all citizens are equal and that no person shall be discriminated on the basis of sex, religion, race or
place of birth. It ensures that there is a separation of power between the three wings of the government and the executive.
Thus, a legislation which confers on the executive or administrative authority, an unguided and uncontrolled
discretionary power in the matter of application of law, will violate Rule of law as prescribed under Article 14.
21) The correct answer is a.
Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a good solvent. And, water is called the “universal solvent” because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. This is important to every living thing on earth. It means that wherever water goes, either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients.
It is water’s chemical composition and physical attributes that make it such an excellent solvent. Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge. This allows the water molecule to become attracted to many other different types of molecules. Water can become so heavily attracted to a different molecule, like salt (NaCl), that it can disrupt the attractive forces that hold the sodium and chloride in the salt molecule together and, thus, dissolve it.
22)
23) The correct answer is d.
The angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) has been identified as the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 viral entry. the protein provides the entry point for the coronavirus to hook into and infect a wide range of human cells.
ACE2 is a protein on the surface of many cell types. It is an enzyme that generates small proteins – by cutting up the larger protein angiotensinogen – that then go on to regulate functions in the cell.
Using the spike-like protein on its surface, the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2 – like a key being inserted into a lock – prior to entry and infection of cells. Hence, ACE2 acts as a cellular doorway – a receptor – for the virus that causes COVID-19.ACE2 is present in many cell types and tissues including the lungs, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract. It is present in epithelial cells, which line certain tissues and create protective barriers.
ACE2 is a vital element in a biochemical pathway that is critical to regulating processes such as blood pressure, wound healing and inflammation, called the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pathway.
76) Filter Feeder is an animal that obtains its food by filtering organic matter or minute organisms from a current of water that passes through some part of its system.
Oysters are filter feeders that feed upon suspended particles in the water column, pumping such a high rate of water flow that they are considered an important biofilter that helps maintain system functioning. Researchers found out that oysters stationed near offshore oil platforms can detect minute amounts of hydrocarbons as each one constantly filters dozens of gallons of water every day. These could alert scientists to tiny infrastructure cracks before they become catastrophic oil spills that threaten wildlife and coastal communities.
77) Option (c) is the correct answer.
Much of the phosphorus on Earth is tied up in rock and sedimentary deposits, from which it is released by weathering, leaching, and mining. Phosphorus moves in a cycle through rocks, water, soil and sediments and organisms. Over
time, rain and weathering cause rocks to release phosphate ions and other minerals. This inorganic phosphate is then distributed in soils and water.
